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Sunday, October 22, 2017

Say What? The World of Baseball Vocabulary

This fall's major league baseball season opened up a new lexicon in my brain — baseball jargon.  It all began with a recent opportunity to see the Dodgers play on their home field in Los Angeles, California.

Dodger Field, Los Angeles

When the Dodgers began playing for the National League Championship, the excitement of watching the team play on TV made me eat my words about not enjoying baseball on the screen. 

I soon discovered that although English is my native language, the baseball announcers often used words and phrases that were not communicating any meaning to me.


Baseball vocabulary


At first I would ask my husband, Wayne, to interpret, but making him pull off his headphones every few minutes to hear my questions was not a solution to my vocabulary problem.  I decided to start a list of baseball terms to investigate.

Many terms already have a meaning in the non-baseball word and have acquired the following additional definition in the world of baseball (my amateur definitions!).

Walk Batter is allowed to advance to first base after the pitcher has failed to strike him out.

Strike Pitcher delivers the ball in a defined area (strike zone), or batter swings at the ball.

Ball  Pitcher delivers the baseball to the batter outside of the strike zone.

Tag  Opposing team member touches a runner or a base to force an out.

Out  Batter or runner is not allowed to continue at play.

Retired  Batter fails to achieve a hit after three strikes.

Slide Runner tries to reach a base by diving toward it.

Triple Runner hits ball and reaches third base.

Dugout Structure that houses the players' bench

Choke up Batter holds bat further from knob end for more control.

Bull pen Location for pitchers to "warm up" (prepare to take over pitching duties)

Grand slam Batter hits a home run, allowing himself and runners on three bases to run to home base for a total of four runs.

Whew!  Those terms were hard to explain in a few words or without referring to other baseball terms. Thank goodness I'm not trying to explain the game of baseball to a Martian!  And sometimes baseball announcers use colorful and even metaphorical language to describe action on the field. Here are some phrases I heard recently, some of which required a bit of interpretation.

"the big guys delivered"

" all the way to the wall"

"dropped in the basket"

"go ahead, three-run homer into the short porch in right field in the second"

"a bloop single to center"

"intentional walk"

"maybe the batter struck out because he was feeling bee stings"

"the batter missed because the ball was upstairs"

I have only made a start in discovering baseball jargon. Needless to say, I am looking forward to watching the Dodgers play in the World Series next week.  And I'll have eyes on the scoreboard and ears tuned in for more baseball jargon, which Google informs me is unbelievably extensive.




Saturday, October 7, 2017

A quick glance at the Catalán language



Do you speak Catalan?


I'm sure you have seen or heard, as I have, recent news reports of the independence movement in Catalonia, Spain.  How little I know about this autonomous region of Spain, and how little I know about the Catalan language!

A previous spark of interest in this language hit me several years ago during a family trip to Barcelona, the capital city of Catalonia (see "So many languages, so little time" in this blog, 2/10/16).


Barcelona

But as usually happens with me, I visit a country, get super-hyped about learning the local language, and then let my fickle language learning self put it to one side when I return home.

Now Catalan is calling to me again, although I am realistic enough to know I will never be a Catalan speaker.  But I would like to become better acquainted with this language that plays such a large part in cultural identity.

First, some basic facts about Catalan.  It is a Romance language, descended from Latin, like its sister languages French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish, among others.  Nine to ten million persons currently speak Catalan.

Romance Languages Family Tree


Catalan is spoken in the small country of Andorra, where it is the national and official language, and in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, Valencia (called valenciano), and even a town in Italy and some regions in France.


Catalan-speaking regions


Beware of calling Catalan a dialect of Spanish!  It is a separate language. Monolingual Spanish and Catalan speakers cannot readily understand each other. Also, Catalan itself has six different dialects, evidence that it is a separate language. The written versions, however, of both Spanish and Catalan may appear similar enough for the reader to make an educated guess at meaning.

Because Catalan sounds like a mixture of Spanish, French and Italian (closer to French and Italian than Spanish), and I study those Romance languages, I am lulled into thinking that I should be able to at least understand Catalan.  Not! So I turn to my favorite online language learning program, Duolingo, to investigate Catalan.  It is available as a language for Spanish speakers to study.


Duolingo Catalan Lesson One



I tried out the first Catalan lesson on Duolingo. If you are acquainted with Spanish, see if you can guess the meaning of these Catalan words and expressions that I encountered.

un home
una nena
una dona
un nen
Sóc un home.
Jo sóc un nen.
Jo sóc una nena.

Some words look comfortingly familiar.  Un and Una are indefinite articles (a or an in English). Home looks like a shortened form of hombre (man), nena is close to niña (girl), and nen is fairly close to niño (boy).  Jo looks like yo (I), so  jo sóc  probably means yo soy (I am).

The spoken language may be more of a challenge, however.  A web search revealed some letters that  take special attention.  The letter combination "nya" is equivalent to the Spanish ñ, which is why you will often see the province name of Cataluña (in Spanish) written in Catalan as Catalunya. 

The "x" is a distinctive letter.  Can you guess the meaning of xocolata, one of my favorite comfort foods? The ç is an "ss" sound, as in the Catalan word for "to begin," començar. The "ny" is like a Spanish ñ, but with no vowel sound afterward, so baño (bath) becomes bany in Catalan.  And I also discovered that the "ll" is a different, harder sound than  the "y" sound those letters make in Spanish.

I'm going to leave Catalan on my list of Duolingo languages to study daily. The allure of using knowledge from other Romance languages to make quick progress in Catalan is too strong to pass up.  What an enjoyable way to learn about another culture!