Creative expressions from the tech field

Can you believe that in mid-2009, the millionth word arrived in the English language?  Just how many words does one language need, you may well ask.  But like them or hate them, neologisms (a linguistic term for newly coined words) are all part of the ever-changing phenomenon that is language.

 I  am fascinated when I hear a new word, even if I choose not to add that word to my vocabulary. After all, a person of a certain age using words more suited for a newer generation may appear  as ridiculous as if they were sporting purple spiked hair and tats (tattoos to the uninformed).

Here are some of the new words and expressions that I have come upon recently from the field of technology.  Some have brought a smile to my face; others have given a name to an experience I have had; still others have made me think about changes in our society.

HACK.  I thought hacking and hackers were negative terms.  Aren't hackers often gaining illegal entry into computer systems and causing chaos and mayhem these days (like to Target shoppers?)? Recently though, I have noticed the term "hack" being used as a synonym for a tip or bit of advice, something to make life easier.  Sounds like something pretty positive to me.

    

TIP OF MY THUMB.  Linguists analyze "tip of the tongue" experiences in order to make predictions about how language is stored in the brain.  A little play on words results in  "tip of the thumb" experiences where you almost type something in a text message that you then think better of.  I haven't learned yet to text with my thumbs, but the expression brings a smile to my face.

GAMIFICATION.  My favorite web-based language learning tool is Duolingo.  And it is my favorite because it has been gamified, that is, constructed with some of the elements of a video game. Since video games were not part of my teenage years, I'm having fun playing with language and learning language at the same time.  Duolingo is so much more engrossing than memorizing those old-fashioned verb conjugations!

Duolingo Owl

BIGDATED.  Despite the fact that my son informs me that the concept of big data is widely misunderstood, I still think the invented term "bigdated" is useful for describing a common phenomenon - our interests expressed online being turned into ads by the Internet. How did someone know I was planning a trip to Scotland, I wonder?  Or that I may need to attend to crow's feet around my eyes? Some may find this practice intrusive. I  just consider it part of modern life.

CROWDSOURCING.  I like this term because the Internet has presented a new possibility in life to us.  Crowdsourcing refers to the generation of support and cooperation (including financial) for projects through the Internet.  The concept of strangers helping other strangers appeals to my sense of idealism.  I like the idea of cooperation on a gigantic scale that would not have been possible twenty years ago.

Are there new tech terms that have caught your eye?  Let's discuss! 

The good news about my Spanish class

For the past several weeks on this blog, I have been complaining about teaching methods used in a Spanish class I am taking. Just because the class does not meet my personal needs or expectations is no reason to be a Negative Nelly!

What I needed was a serious attitude adjustment.  I  decided to turn over a new leaf and describe some of the good practices that I have observed in my class.

First and most importantly, the class is conducted 99.9% in the Spanish language.  Using the target language is excellent methodology and very much in line with current findings about second language acquisition.

Listening to excellent, expressive Spanish spoken continuously by the instructor for an hour and a half is music to my ears. I can jot down words I want to remember and observe grammar usage without having to worry about producing language myself.

I remember high school and college classes in which the instructor would use English to teach us about Spanish or French but seldom actually spoke the new language. I hope no one is still making students suffer through that out-date model!  Here is a link to a balanced discussion of which language to use for teaching.

Article on Classroom Language Use - Stephen Krashen

Next, in my current class, many members do volunteer to read original paragraphs aloud. Their willingness shows they feel a certain level of comfort with the instructor.  When instructors are over-demanding, students tend to shut down and keep their language to themselves.

And, finally, there have been instances when I could feel the atmosphere of the class change palpably for the better.  Those instances occurred when the instructor appeared to be just chatting with students, asking non-threatening questions and responding as in a normal conversation. This, I thought to myself, is what language acquisition should be like,

The field of language acquisition in the classroom is an exciting one, marked by much controversy! What is the optimum way to teach foreign languages in the classroom?  I'm still searching for an answer to that question.  Here is a recommended Youtube video if you would like to jump into the controversy yourself!

Thumbs up for vocabulary; thumbs down for grammar

Yesterday I left Spanish class happier than I had the week before.  (See last week's blog if you would like to read my lament!)  Realizing that I can't mold the class to do what I want it to, which is help me recover some fluency in Spanish, I decided to concentrate on expanding useful Spanish vocabulary. 

I listened carefully to all of the Spanish around me, both the correct language of the very expressive instructor to the more imperfect language of class members.  By the end of the class, I had jotted down more than 50 words and expressions I didn't think I could have come up with on my own in a conversation.  Here are examples of what I gained by critical listening.

cada vez que haya - every time there is ( remember to use subjunctive verb)

vigente -  in current use  (a fancy new word )

medusa- jellyfish (very important  word if you are on the beach in Mazatlán, Mexico!)

de flor en flor- (always hard to get those prepositions correct in a second language)

de hecho - in fact or actually (a great transition expression)

But about halfway through the class, the instructor began to correct participants reading short original paragraphs aloud to the class.  A participant would begin to read, perhaps use an incorrect verb tense, and receive an oral correction at that moment.  "No, not the preterite verb estuvieron; use the imperfect estaban."

It was interesting to note that for about the first thirty minutes the instructor had done only minimal grammar correction.  The atmosphere in class was pleasant.  Class members were volunteering to read, clapping when others had presented, and asking questions.  When the grammar correction became more frequent, I could feel the class atmosphere change.  Participants were more tentative and less enthusiastic.  Who wants to speak when someone is ready to pounce on your errors? 

I have played both roles in life - the language instructor and the language student.  I understand how frustrating it is to constantly hear grammar errors and not want to eradicate them (the red pen syndrome).  Surely if I just tell someone the right verb form then they won't make that same error again?  How sad that language acquisition doesn't usually happen that way.

Speakers are constantly making grammar when they produce language. "Shall I use estuvieron or estaban?" they wonder subconsciously.   To truly use more correct grammar, speakers have to make the correction for themselves in their own brains for that information to be accessible at a later time. But how does a speaker know the correct form?  We are back to critical listening.  Which verb do native speakers choose and in what circumstances?

So even if I am not finding enough speaking opportunities in class, the listening opportunities are there for me to improve my Spanish.  As I just learned in class, "No hay mal que por bien no venga." (Something good always comes from something bad.)

      

Dreaming of the perfect Spanish class

I felt depressed after leaving Spanish class yesterday.  Granted, it is a just-because-I-want-to class at an institute at a local university.  But, by darn, I wanted to have the chance to ratchet up my declining fluency in Spanish. And that wasn't happening.

I started daydreaming about what my perfect Spanish class would look like.  Here is the rosy picture I painted in my mind.

First, and most importantly, I would have the chance to speak lots of Spanish for the hour and a half class. In my perfect class, I was paired up with other participants of varying levels of ability and allowed to talk and talk and talk in Spanish about many topics.

In contrast, yesterday our whole group of 20 worked together the entire time. I  had the chance to formulate only two full sentences in Spanish. Two sentences for each of the six classes is only a 12 sentence total! That amount of Spanish would barely get me a plate of red enchiladas (my favorite) ordered in a Mexican food restaurant!.

Next, in my perfect class, grammar instruction would take a back seat, and I mean way in the back. I'll get my shield ready to defend myself against the arrows of those who believe grammar is akin to motherhood and apple pie.  Yes, I do think that at some level of learning, grammar knowledge may be helpful to some people.  And, no, I am not a grammar hater.  I actually think it is fascinating to discover how a new language is put together.

But when a speaker is trying to express an idea in another language, the last thing that person needs at that point is to be corrected. So someone speaking Spanish makes an error and uses the preterit verb tense instead of the imperfect.  Is the sentence still comprehensible?  Probably. That person's mind is completely concentrating on making meaning.  A correction, especially when accompanied by an extended grammar explanation, is an interruption in the thinking process.  

One poor participant in our class yesterday was asked to read aloud her paragraph for a second time. Each time she used an incorrect verb, the instructor stopped her and gave an extensive grammar explanation to the class.  When the participant was through reading, she looked like she had been wrung through a wringer.  Not only was I myself bored with the repeated grammar explanations,  I felt really sorry for her. In the future her fluency may to be even lower because she will be using her energies to worry about using the correct past tense.

Finally, in my perfect Spanish class, the atmosphere would be calm, welcoming, non-judgmental, and playful. Yes, I want to have fun!    We speakers of other language put enough pressure on ourselves to be perfect without experiencing outside pressure to reach that unattainable goal.  I would rather be comfortable producing language and make a few mistakes (inevitable, even in one's native language) than uptight and thinking I need to be error-free.

My time on the soapbox is up!  But I'll keep dreaming about that perfect Spanish class I hope to find one day.

  

Connecting with Other Language Enthusiasts

Okay.  I was going to make the title of this post, "Connecting with Other Language Nerds,"  but I decided that "nerd"  may have a pejorative connotation, while "enthusiast" sounds rather elegant. 

I can proudly say that I am a language enthusiast. Whichever term you prefer to describe someone who enjoys learning languages, just for the sake of learning languages, it is always heartening to connect with other people who share your passion for languages.

In previous posts, I described how much fun it has been participating in Duolingo, a (free!) online language program.  I work on Duolingo every day for about an hour, practicing Spanish, Portuguese, French, and now Irish. It is an hour that I look forward to every day.  My brain gets a workout by jumping into new worlds created by different sounds, words, and structures. And my streak (not missing a day) on Duolingo is now at  279 days!

Duolingo

But Duolingo is not just all about language learning.  It has a social media aspect that I have dipped my toe into and found to be engaging, even addictive.  I'll do a disclaimer here and admit that I have Facebook and Twitter accounts, but that I am not a very active user.  So it has been a revelation to me that I really am a social person, at least as long as languages are the topic!

One of the features of Duolingo is the option of translating articles from the Internet from another language into your native language.  The activity is a group translation, because users can edit and comment on each others' translations.  Although in the beginning I would take each correction to my translations a little too personally, I have discovered that the majority of people make gentle but helpful comments.

My translation tier in English and Spanish

Another feature of Duolingo is  "following" other participants. The first person I decided to follow on Duolingo had written a  helpful comment on my translation. He sounded like a person who knew what he was talking about.  For other contacts, I received messages that they wanted to follow me!  So I in turn follow two young ladies who appear to be very enthusiastic language learners.  The latest person I am following is a multilingual Brazilian who is new to Duolingo but has hit the ground running, racking up lots of XP's (Experience Points) in a short amount of time.

Duolingo leaderboard for XP's

Every time I log on to Duolingo, I can't help checking the Leaderboard to see how many of my connections have been active users and which ones are ahead of me!.  I am usually about mid-way in the pack!  I also notice connections with a 0 for XP's who haven't participated in quite a while.  

I wonder what causes people to start and then stop a language program?  I suppose you have to be a little over the top about languages, a true language nerd, I mean enthusiast, to fit languages into our busy lives. 

    

Language and Ego

Does your ego get in the way of acquiring a second language?  Mine does.  And I believe that lots of us allow ego to take control of our brains, especially when we attempt to speak a new language.

Some synonyms for "ego" are "self-esteem," "self-respect," and "self-confidence."  Cambridge Dictionary Online defines ego as the idea or opinion that you have of yourself, of your level of ability, and your intelligence.  Why does the attempt to learn a new language come into conflict with your ego? 

I know that my Spanish language abilities have become increasing rusty over the years.   I decided to take a step to force myself to speak more Spanish by joining a group of about fifteen adult learners at a local university for the short course, "Spanish Conversation Storytelling." 

We were a quiet group on our first day of class, staking out preferred seating spots and table companions.  The instructor gave an introduction to the course, using clear, comprehensible Spanish. Then she asked us to raise our hands if we understood everything she had said, most of it, or very little of it.  I tentatively (but proudly, I must admit), raised my hand with the "everything" group. 

A little later, the instructor asked us to divide ourselves into groups, corresponding to the three groups previously identified, Beginning, Intermediate, and Advanced.  I could feel ego at work as I debated over joining Intermediate or Advanced.    And I could sense tension in the room as others made their decisions also. Should you join a higher group and put yourself at risk of not knowing as much as the other members, or should you play it safe and be the star pupil of a lower ability group?   I decided to go for it and joined the Advanced Group.   

Four of us identified ourselves as Advanced Learners.  We tentatively started speaking Spanish, trying to calm our egos by determining our own level of speaking ability compared to our companions (jockeying for position, so to speak).  And I noticed that each of us was making disclaimers as to our Spanish speaking ability, just in case anyone would expect us to be a fluent speaker. 

One person said she had lived in Central America, but that since returning to the United States, had not had the opportunity to speak very much Spanish.  Another person said she was of Hispanic background, but that her family always spoke English, so she didn't feel that she was a strong Spanish speaker.  Another person said he had been in the process of studying Spanish for ten years.  And as for me (ego taking strong hold here), I neglected to tell the group that I had done a Master's degree in Spanish many years ago and had taught Spanish for quite a few years, but that the most recent language I had taught was Portuguese.  I suppose I should have revealed my language background so they would be more understanding when I let Portuguese influence my Spanish (which happens more often than not).  Every group member was wrestling with ego  when confronted with the necessity of speaking a second language.

I worried about my accent in Spanish.  I worried because I can't produce a good Spanish rolled 'r'.

I worried about words I didn't know the Spanish equivalents of, like shirt collar and nanny.  I worried because it appeared that my advanced companions were not understanding all of what I said.  I worried when I caught myself making an error.  My ego was taking a beating, and I'll bet my ego was not the only one in the room suffering.

For our next class, I may take along a copy of this quote to help in taming my ego.

They say "to learn another language is to have another soul."  Maybe my second, Spanish speaking soul, will be more interested in communicating with others than in feeding an insatiable ego!

  

NIne hours to learn a language? Really?

I'm hoping to teach a short, six-weeks Portuguese course this summer at a local institute. The class would be one day a week for 90 minutes, which makes a grand total of nine hours of instruction. Talk about cockeyed optimism!  "What can anyone learn about another language in 540 minutes?" I asked myself.

I have a selfish motivation for wanting to teach the course, I must admit.  Portuguese is one of the world languages I have fallen in love with. Brazilians say that Portuguese is the language of the angels (a língua dos anjos).   I can well imagine those kind, winged creatures speaking it.

The sounds of Portuguese are soft and gentle, and the grammar is not formidable.   A certain playfulness exists in the language. What could be more satisfying than sharing a language I enjoy with others? 

But immediately the practicality of planning a nine hour course raised its ugly head.  "So much to learn, so little time," my T-shirt should read.  I turned to the Internet for Portuguese materials.  It seems that authors of Portuguese language books are also cockeyed optimists!  Learn Portuguese in 7 days, promises one book. Portuguese in 10 minutes a day, proclaims another.

As much as we would like to think that we can learn another language in a short time, most people do not have that experience. And the definition of "learn" is murky. Are we talking about meeting and greeting someone, solving the problem of lost luggage, or translating at the United Nations?  So many levels of language ability exist (and in various modalities - speaking, listening, reading, writing) that "learn" can mean almost anything we want it to.

So, what do I think participants in my Portuguese course can learn in their nine hours, which are equivalent to about three weeks of a college language course?  The first three classes (4.5 hours) could be spent becoming acquainted with the sounds of Portuguese.

Participants would be in a"Silent Period" in which they would listen to spoken Portuguese but not be required to speak it.  My task would be to speak to them in clear, comprehensible Portuguese and make sure they could understand the message.  (Careful planning and orchestration needed here!)

Plans for the rest of the course would include Day 4, saying hello and goodbye; Day 5, talking about oneself; and Day 6, describing other people and things.

And that would be it!  Our time would be up!  As our goodbyes are being said, we can talk about what the next steps in Portuguese could be.  For book lovers, I will recommend The Everything Essential Brazilian Portuguese Book: All you need to learn Brazilian Portuguese in no time by Fernanda Ferreira.    I do wonder how long "no time" is, though.

For techies, I will recommend signing up to the free web-based program, Duolingo, which makes language learning a truly fun game.

Can you learn a new language in nine hours?  Not really. But you may just start a hobby that will bring countless hours of enjoyment for a lifetime.