Are you a victim of Language Attrition?

The term "Language Attrition" has a fairly unpleasant ring to it, doesn't it?   I hesitate to admit it, but falling victim to Language Attrition has risen to the top of my personal worry list.

Attrition is defined as the wearing away of something.  Language Attrition is the term linguists use to describe a natural decline in a person's language skills due to insufficient use or environmental changes. (In other words, "Why is it that I used to carry on a conversation in Spanish but now find myself groping for words?")  I'm not concerned with losing my first language, English, because I use both the oral and written forms all day, every day. But I am becoming very concerned about the loss of Foreign Language skills.

An inordinate part of my life has been devoted to learning Foreign Languages.  Through the years, I have taken countless language courses, completed college degrees in languages, and taught languages and linguistics. I would have thought that given the amount of time and energy I have devoted to Spanish and Portuguese that at least those two languages would have a permanent place in my brain. Surely the languages I have been most intimately connected with are not beginning to recede in my memory! But I fear they are.

The first hint of trouble appeared as I was doing a daily round of exercises recently on Duolingo, my favorite free, online language learning program.   I have worked on Duolingo with at least one of six languages every day for over 1700 consecutive days. On some busy days, I have completed just a Spanish exercise.  On others, I have plowed through Spanish, Portuguese, French, Spanish, Welsh and Irish. I typically do Spanish and Portuguese back to back to avoid mixing the two Romance languages.

When you get the right answer on Duolingo, you receive a pleasant sound as a reward.  When you make an error, the correct answer appears in a red box at the bottom of the screen, and, depending on which version of the program you are using, you lose a segment of the much dreaded "health meter." (Loss of too many health segments potentially stops your progress for a period of time.)

I noticed that I was making more and more errors in Spanish and Portuguese.  And the errors weren't with big issues, like obscure vocabulary items or intricate grammar points.  The mistakes appeared with commonly used words and concepts.

Who would have thought I could mix up the Spanish and Portuguese words for "the"?  Spanish uses "el" or "la" for singular "the" and Portuguese uses "o" and "a" for the same concept. How could I forget that the Spanish word for "bus" is autobús but ônibus in Portuguese?  How often did I have to remind students that the "they" form in Spanish ends in "n" (ellos beben) but in "m" in Portuguese (eles bebem)?  I feel Language Attrition setting in.

I can recommend to myself many paths for maintaining languages to keep attrition at bay.  Unfortunately, I no longer lead a life style that allows frequent practice with native speakers of other languages. (Granted that living on the border with Mexico in El Paso, Texas gives me some contact with Spanish, but we are in truth a bilingual city.) Of course, videos, movies, radio, music, newspapers, and novels could fill the void if I would just make time to use them. 

I'm not sure I like the conclusion I have arrived at in writing this post about Language Attrition.  Counteracting it is going to take much effort on my part, along with losing weight, exercising, practicing the baroque recorder and guitar, not to mention decluttering the house.  

But instead of whining about being one of the many victims of the disappointing phenomenon known as Language Attrition, I'm going to begin reading a Graham Greene novel translated into Spanish, Nuestro Hombre en La Habana (Our Man in Havana). It's one small step, but at least I feel like I am doing something.  Now on to those other life challenges!    

Language Proficiency Won't Budge? Try these tips.

Have you ever run into a mental stop sign in your quest to acquire another language?  You want to make progress, you are putting in the study time every day, but you see no movement in your mental meter that registers if you are moving forward or walking on a treadmill.

It would be so easy just to chuck it all and look for an easier hobby.  I obviously speak from experience.  But before you give away those language books and delete the learning apps off your mobile devices, here are a few techniques that may help you fall in love again with your language of choice.

Technique No. 1  Think about why you decided to study another language in the first place.  The Irish speak of having "grá" (love) for a language. 

I fell in love with Portuguese in my 30's and still get a thrill when I hear it spoken.  On the other hand, I tried to study Romanian, and it felt like drudgery.  So if you don't feel affection for a certain language, maybe the romance is over.  With thousands of languages in the world, why stick with one that doesn't call to your soul?

Technique No. 2 Substitute the concept of mastery of grammar steps for an alternate approach. For example, do you really need to conquer all Spanish present tense verb conjugations (including irregular and several classes of stem-changing verbs) before you allow yourself to use a past tense verb?  Granted, the idea may sound appealing to those of us with a martyr complex.  But thinking of our language learning progress like an ever-widening circle, like that made by a heavy stone thrown into a pond, rather than an arduous climb up a long flight of stairs, may be useful.

Technique No. 3 When the going gets rough......return to an easier topic.  Often when I am faced with a new subject studying Celtic languages on Duolingo, my favorite online language learning program, I make so many errors that I lose  my "health."  This is rather serious.  I can't continue until certain conditions are met.  Instead of being left with an abject feeling of failure, I return to a language that I feel more confident with and complete an exercise that gives me a satisfying ping at the end as a reward. Where is it written that I have to suffer to learn other languages? 

Technique No. 4 Examine your language learning goals.  Are they too broad or too ambitious?  I am considering giving up trying to speak Irish because the letter/sound correspondence is driving me up the wall.  But I am still fascinated by the structure of the language and its long history.  Maybe language learning doesn't have to be everything or nothing.  Language learners do have choices.

I wish the journey to acquire another language were a straight road with comfortable footholds leading up to a peak where we were all perfect users of another language.  But it isn't.  So perhaps the old advice about the journey being more satisfying than the goal may be our consolation as we discipline ourselves to open up those language books and programs and keep going.

Siri goes cosmopolitan

Maybe Siri has always been cosmopolitan, but I just recently found out that the wise Siri not only knows all, but knows it in various languages as well.  In case you haven't met her, Siri is the virtual, personal, digital assistant available on Apple devices.

My family is the proud owner of a latest generation iPad (a present from my technology-talented son who said he wanted to  "keep the old folks in the technology loop").  The iPad has been in the family about 18 months now, and we are still trying to develop a friendly relationship with it.

Before I discovered the oral language talents of Siri, I learned that to write in a foreign language was a piece of cake on the iPad.  The keyboard is already set up with diacritical markings for various languages, like accent marks in Spanish.  If I need to write the Spanish surname Gómez, for example, the 'o' with an acute accent can be located by holding down the 'o' key and then tapping on one of nine 'o' choices with different markings. For the English writer who wants to throw in an occasional word in a foreign language, Apple has made it super easy to spell correctly.

Now you can use your iPad to complain that a linguistic term is recherché, brag about your new recipe for pâté de fois gras, or describe your vacation in São Paulo with complete confidence that you are showing the world you are a literate person.

Up to this point, I have not used Siri very often.  My husband Wayne talks to her all of the time, although  he gets really annoyed when she doesn't understand his Texas accent  Maybe me not using Siri is a gender thing.  Did I hear that the new iPhone 5S has a choice of male or female voices?   That brings us some interesting possibilities.

Recently I read that Siri speaks and understands several different languages.  My mind started whirling. How could I use Siri's cosmopolitan outlook not especially to get information but as part of my foreign language learning hobby?

Step 1 was to see which languages Siri knows.  I went to Settings, General, Siri, and Language to find the answer.  Nineteen languages are listed, some of which are dialects of the same language.  I was pleased to find, in addition to my native language English,  that Siri is conversant in French, which I have been brushing up on, and Spanish, which was my first foreign language. I didn't find Portuguese, which I used to teach. Too bad, because Portuguese is really fun to speak.

Map of Spanish-speaking countries

What caught my eye was that Spanish was listed with three dialects, Mexico, Spain, and United States.  I understood the separation of Mexican Spanish and Peninsular Spanish, but I didn't know that there were enough common identifying features of Spanish spoken in the US to warrant a separate setting.  Spanish in the US differs considerably from location to location.  Spanish spoken in New York City, for example, may differ considerably from that spoken in Los Angeles. And New Mexican Spanish may differ considerably from Spanish spoken in Colorado.  How did the Apple software engineers decide on which features to include in the Spanish-United States setting?

I also notice that Siri speaks French from Canada and French from France.  I'm not sophisticated enough in that language to hear the difference in the two dialects.  As a matter of fact, if I can get Siri to understand anything I ask in French, I will feel quite accomplished.  I hope she isn't secretly smiling at my unauthentic French 'r'.

Now I am intrigued with Siri and her language ability.  I'm going to try some simple experiments that I will be writing about in coming weeks.  Do you have a story about Siri and languages? Please share.

PLEASE NOTE:  Language Lover's Blog is going on vacation and will return on October 28.  See you then!